By Charles Morgan and Hubert Walker for CoinWeek Notes ….
1971 was meant to mark a significant change in the life of the Kennedy Half Dollar.
Introduced in 1964 to honor the recently-assassinated president John F. Kennedy, the Kennedy Half Dollar replaced former United States Mint Chief Engraver John R. Sinnock’s design featuring Founding Father Benjamin Franklin that had been in use since 1948. And in the following year, the half dollar’s composition was changed from the 90% silver and 10% copper standard fineness of circulating subsidiary coinage to 40% silver and 60% copper–an alloy referred to as “silver-clad”. The silver-clad half dollar retained Gilroy Roberts’ bust of Kennedy on the obverse and Frank Gasparro’s heraldic eagle on the reverse.
A few years later, silver was eliminated from the denomination altogether by the bill authorizing the creation of the Eisenhower Dollar (though that bill called for the production of silver-clad dollar coins to be sold to collectors). The Coinage Act of 1969, which called for the creation of a dollar coin honoring the late president and World War II general Dwight D. Eisenhower and removing silver from the Kennedy half, was attached as an amendment to the One Bank Holding Act of 1970. The law was signed by President Richard M. Nixon minutes before midnight on December 31, 1970; had he waited until after midnight, a pocket veto would have killed the bill.
A 25% nickel and 75% copper metallic composition known as copper-nickel clad was used for the half dollar for the first time in 1971. The composition was introduced for the dime and quarter in 1965. Roberts’ and Gasparro’s designs remained unchanged. So, too, did the size of the coin. The weight, however, was decreased from 11.5 to 11.3 grams.
Yet despite all the attention that Congress was giving to the denomination, use of the half dollar in daily transactions had declined significantly by the late 1960s. One factor was the predictable hoarding of Kennedy Half Dollars by an American public that held the late president in high esteem. Regardless of design, 90% silver half dollars were plucked from circulation for their bullion value beginning in the early-to-mid 1960s. The public hoarded the silver-clad coins too, though in the mid-to-late 1960s, the silver in each coin was worth less than 50 cents; PCGS claims that the silver-clad coins’ silver bullion value did not exceed face until 1974.
By 1971, half dollars were no longer a major part of most consumers’ lives and became silver (or silver and/or copper-nickel clad) curios squirreled away in drawers. 1970 Kennedy Halves, the last of the silver-clad composition, were not struck for circulation but rather for inclusion only in Mint Sets. Vending machines didn’t accept half dollars, and many cashier’s tills no longer had space dedicated to the denomination.
The Mint would stop striking half dollars for circulation entirely in 2002.
But that was years down the road. In 1971, 155,164,000 business strike Kennedy Halves were struck at the Philadelphia Mint, though no mintmark was applied to Philadelphia half dollars until 1980.
How Much Is the 1971 Kennedy Half Dollar Worth?
The first date with the new copper-nickel clad composition is affordable and accessible for virtually all collectors.
Raw 1971 Kennedy Halves are regularly offered on eBay for a few dollars or less. Half dollars dated 1971 can be purchased at face value if a collector is willing to dig through rolls. CoinWeek writer Joshua McMorrow-Hernandez did just that in his August 2018 article, finding 355 of them (more than any other date) out of 2,000 half dollars purchased from a bank. The majority of the coins he found were copper-nickel clad, struck in the 1970s, and in average circulated condition.
Most surviving Mint State examples of the 1971 Kennedy Half Dollar will grade between MS64 and MS65 if submitted to the grading services. A collector looking for an example in Gem Uncirculated grades or higher, certified MS65 and MS66, should be ready to spend $20 to $65.
Collectors seeking coins in the top end of the market, however, should be ready to spend more than $1,000.
The finest-known 1971 half dollars grade MS67, with both NGC and PCGS certifying seven at that grade. The record public auction price for a certified 1971-P Kennedy Half Dollar was realized on November 11, 2018 (the 100th anniversary of the end of World War I, coincidentally) in a Heritage Auctions sale when an example certified MS67 by NGC crossed the block for $1,560.
But keep in mind, vast numbers of Mint State (and Mint Set) 1971 half dollars have yet to be submitted for grading.
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Market Data and Noteworthy Specimens
Top Population: PCGS MS67 (9, 10/2024), NGC MS67+ (1, 10/2024), and CAC N/A (0:0 stickered:graded, 10/2024).
- PCGS MS67 #5602447: Stack’s Bowers, April 12, 2023, Lot 91748 – $1,200.
- NGC MS67 #2724463-001: Heritage Auctions, November 11, 2018, Lot 7513 – $1,560.
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Design
Obverse:
The central motif is an effigy of the 35th President of the United States, the late John Fitzgerald Kennedy. A war hero and (at the time) the youngest person ever to serve as president, Kennedy was inaugurated on January 20, 1961, and assassinated on November 22, 1963. The nation’s grief was such that Congress and the Mint rushed through a design change on the half dollar denomination to commemorate him.
Atop the upper half of the rim is the inscription LIBERTY, with Kennedy’s hair covering the bottom portions of the letters “B”, “E”, and “R”. The date 1971 is cradled at the bottom of the coin, while the national motto IN GOD WE TRUST is inscribed in a straight line above the year but divided by the sharp truncation of Kennedy’s neck.
Gilroy Roberts’ initials are on the truncation line of Kennedy’s bust, above WE on the bottom right side of the coin.
Reverse:
Roberts’ assistant, Frank Gasparro, designed the reverse. He based the eagle on the Presidential Coat of Arms from the Seal of the President of the United States, which is based on the Great Seal of the United States. The Presidential Seal in its current form was finalized by President Harry S. Truman in 1945, though the number of stars on the seal (and hence the coin) went from 48 to 50 as Alaska and Hawaii entered the Union.
The heraldic eagle’s wings and legs are spread in four directions. The left talon (viewer’s right) holds arrows, a symbol of war, while the right claw (viewer’s left) grips an olive branch, a symbol of peace. It is tradition for the eagle to face one side or the other relative to national circumstances at the time of striking; in this instance, the eagle faces towards the olive branch despite America’s involvement in Vietnam and other conflicts around the world.
Frank Gasparro’s initials FG are between the eagle’s left leg and tail feathers.
A Union shield covers the eagle’s breast. Vertical bars representing the 13 red and white stripes of the American flag run down most of its face, representing the original 13 colonies of the United States. The top of the shield (a horizontal band is otherwise known in heraldry as a chief) features no stars.
Immediately above the eagle’s head is a scroll featuring the motto E PLURIBUS UNUM. The design behind and above the eagle, which consists of 15 rays, nine stars, and a mass of clouds, is called the glory and is a common design element of both heraldry and an earlier period of numismatics.
The legend UNITED STATES OF AMERICA runs clockwise along the top rim of the reverse, while the denomination HALF DOLLAR runs counterclockwise along the bottom. Dots are between the two inscriptions at both ends. Surrounding the eagle is a ring of 50 stars, representing the 50 states of the Union at the time of the coin’s production.
Edge:
The edge of the 1971 Kennedy Half Dollar is reeded.
Designers
Gilroy Roberts was the ninth Chief Engraver of the U.S. Mint, serving from July 22, 1948, to February 11, 1965. His work with the Franklin Mint caused the United States Mint to let him go. Roberts is best remembered for his design of the Kennedy Half Dollar obverse.
Frank Gasparro was an American medalist and coin designer. After serving as Gilroy Roberts’s assistant engraver, he became the 10th Chief Engraver of the United States Mint, serving from 1965 to 1981. Besides the Kennedy Half Dollar reverse, Gasparro also designed the Lincoln Memorial Cent reverse, the Eisenhower Dollar obverse and regular reverse, and the Susan B. Anthony Dollar (View Designer’s Profile).
1971 Kennedy Half Dollar Coin Specifications
| Country: | United States of America |
| Year of Issue: | 1971 |
| Denomination: | Half Dollar (50 Cents USD) |
| Mintmark: | None (Philadelphia) |
| Mintage: | 155,164,000 |
| Alloy: | .750 Copper, .250 Nickel |
| Weight: | 11.34 g |
| Diameter: | 30.60 mm |
| Edge: | Reeded |
| OBV Designer: | Gilroy Roberts |
| REV Designer: | Frank Gasparro |
| Quality: | Business Strike |
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